Environmental DNA (eDNA) technology can be a culturally and ecologically sensitive method for surveying biodiversity, with a simple sampling methodology which does not require a specific expertise like some traditional survey methods. This provides a significant and meaningful opportunity for Traditional Owners to lead innovative ecological surveys and decision-making on Country. eDNA has the opportunity to be used as a mechanism for Traditional Owners across Australia to connect with Country, whilst gaining additional survey skills that can be utilised by industry to generate further opportunities.
Here we present how Traditional Owners and Indigenous Ranger groups across Australia are currently using eDNA to undertake Indigenous-led biodiversity surveys, with the support of EnviroDNA and Deakin University. Applications range from specific eDNA studies to broader biodiversity assessments, collecting critical baseline data to map biodiversity and cultural values, monitoring of change over time, informing cultural flows and waterway assessments and undertaking diet analysis. We demonstrate how eDNA surveys and research are currently being led by Indigenous Rangers to explore short finned eel (Anguilla australis) distribution throughout an UNSECO world heritage site. Outcomes will help address key management questions, by providing valuable information to help protect/restore critical habitats for sustaining the populations of the culturally significant species, whilst demonstrating a framework for meaningful Traditional Owner, industry and research engagement. Additionally, the studies success has highlighted eDNA’s wider potential and has prompted further monitoring through multi-species biodiversity assessments.